APR Desk · Rates

Real return calculator

Nominal rate adjusted by an inflation rate

A nominal rate ignores inflation. The real rate is what is left after prices rise. Subtracting the two percents is a shortcut. This page uses the Fisher form: one plus the nominal rate, divided by one plus the inflation rate, minus one. Both inputs are annual percents you type. Neither is a forecast.

Inputs

Result

Fill in the fields and press Calculate.

Disclaimer: An inflation adjustment of two rates you enter. It is not a forecast.

How to use

  1. Enter the nominal rate, the rate before inflation.
  2. Enter the inflation rate you want to remove.
  3. Press Calculate. The hero is the real rate.
  4. The rule of 72 and the compound-interest pages still want the rate you choose to project. This page only converts one rate into the other.

How it's calculated

Real percent = ((1 + nominal ÷ 100) ÷ (1 + inflation ÷ 100) − 1) × 100.

Subtracting inflation from the nominal rate is close when both rates are small, and it drifts as they grow. A nominal rate of 7 and inflation of 3 is not exactly 4.

Worked example

Seven percent nominal and 3 percent inflation: 1.07 ÷ 1.03 − 1 = 3.883 percent, not 4. If inflation equals the nominal rate, the real rate is zero. If inflation is higher, the real rate is negative.

Assumptions

One period for both rates, usually a year. Taxes are not removed. The inflation number is an assumption you type, not a published index fetched by the page.

FAQ

Why not subtract?

Subtraction skips the cross term. The division is the definition this page uses, and the example shows the gap at 7 and 3.

Can inflation be negative?

Yes, as long as it stays above −100 percent. Deflation raises the real rate above the nominal rate.

Is this a stock-market forecast?

No. It adjusts the rate you typed. It does not predict a return.

Where do I project a balance?

The compound-interest calculator. Put the real rate in only if you want the balance in today's purchasing power, and say so to yourself.

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